With the exception of the gravitational force, of which he gave us a complete law (the law of universal gravitation), Newton did not know the laws that describe more complex forces, such as those between electric charges for example. He nevertheless discovered a general property of the forces which he expressed as follows:
For every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction.
Mathematically:
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Implications of Newton’s third law:
- A force and its reaction act on different bodies. (For example, the normal is not the reaction of the weight nor the weight of the normal).
- A force and its reaction are two forces of the same kind.